Developmental biology of Helicoforamina reveals holozoan affinity, cryptic diversity and adaptation to heterogeneous environments in the early Ediacaran Weng’an Biota (Doushantuo Formation, South China) Zongjun Yin, Weichen Sun, Pengju Liu, Maoyan Zhu, Philip Donoghue This dataset contains three dimensional X-Ray tomographic datasets of fossil specimens of Helicoforamina wenganica from the Ediacaran Weng'an Biota, Guizhou Province, South China. The data accompanies the following paper: Zongjun Yin, Weichen Sun, Pengju Liu, Maoyan Zhu, Philip Donoghue. 2020. Developmental biology of Helicoforamina reveals holozoan affinity, cryptic diversity and adaptation to heterogeneous environments in the early Ediacaran Weng’an Biota (Doushantuo Formation, South China). Science Advances Each zip file contains data and/or models relating to a single specimen. The specimens analysed, their catalogue number (if applicable) and the deposited files related to them are as follows: File name Specimen name Catalogue number Figure Files 001 DST-LXB3-D06 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173059 Fig. 1I Tomographic data, VG models 002 NIGPAS-LXB2-C01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173060 Fig. 1J Tomographic data, VG models 003 DST-LXB3-A02 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173061 Fig. 1K Tomographic data, VG models 004 ZY-LXB1-D04_data Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173062 Fig. 1L Tomographic data 005 ZY-LXB1-D04_model Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173062 Fig. 1L VG Models 006 BM5-B3-A05 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173063 Fig. 1M Tomographic data, VG models 007 BM5-B3-B04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173064 Fig. 3A-C Tomographic data, VG models 008 NIGPAS-LXB2-C09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173065 Fig. 3D-F Tomographic data, VG models 009 ZY-LXB1-C11_data Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173066 Fig. 3G-H Tomographic data 010 ZY-LXB1-C11_model Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173066 Fig. 3G-H VG Models 011 DST-LXB2-E10_data Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173067 Fig. 3I-K Tomographic data 012 DST-LXB2-E10_model Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173067 Fig. 3I-K VG models 013 DST-LX-Eiii_data Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173068 Fig. 4A-D Tomographic data 014 DST-LX-Eiii_model Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173068 Fig. 4A-D VG models 015 DST-LXB3-F09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173069 Fig. 4E-H Tomographic data, VG models 016 ZY-LXB1-B04_data Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173070 Fig. 4I-L Tomographic data 017 ZY-LXB1-B04_model Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173070 Fig. 4I-L VG models 018 DST-LXB3-E10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173071 Fig. 5A,I Tomographic data, VG models 019 DST-SB2-B05 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173072 Fig. 5B,J Tomographic data, VG models 020 DST-LXB3-E01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173073 Fig. 5C,K Tomographic data, VG models 021 DST-LXB3-F04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173074 Fig. 5D,L Tomographic data, VG models 022 DST-LXB3-E11 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173075 Fig. 5E,M Tomographic data, VG models 023 DST-SB2-C01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173076 Fig. 5F,N Tomographic data, VG models 024 DST-SB2-A09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173077 Fig. 5G,0 Tomographic data, VG models 025 DST-LXB3-B10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173078 Fig. 5H,P Tomographic data, VG models 026 DST-SB2-E11 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173079 Fig. 6A,D Tomographic data, VG models 027 DST-LXB3-F10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173080 Fig. 6E-H Tomographic data, VG models 028 WA2019-B1-D06 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173081 Fig. 6I-L Tomographic data, VG models *Institutional abbreviation: All specimens are housed at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China (NIGP). Specimens were scanned using using the following instruments: (1) X02DA TOMCAT beamline at the Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; (2) ID19 beamline at the European Synchrotron Research Facility, Grenoble, France; (3) XRADIA Versa NanoCT at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing, China. Raw tomographic data for each specimen consists of a stacked series of 2D .tif files that represent maps of X-ray attenuation. The individual slices can be viewed with standard graphics software. The datasets can be studied in 3D using tomographic reconstruction software such as Avizo (www.vsg3d.com/), Spiers (www.spiers-software.org/), VG Studio Max (www.volumegraphics.com) etc. Working files consist of VGL files (.vgl, .vgm and .vgp files, which can be opened in VG Studio Max (www.volumegraphics.com)). Scan settings for the specimens scanned at Nanjing Institute of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy (NIGPAS), X02A TOMCAT beamline at the Swiss Light Source (SLS), and ID19 beamline at the European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESFRF) are as follows: File name Specimen name Cat. number Facility Energy Proj'ns Exposure(ms) Obj. Scintillator Resolution (µm) Filter 001 DST-LXB3-D06 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173059 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4000 4X n/a 0.9098 LE1 002 NIGPAS-LXB2-C01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173060 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4200 4X n/a 0.8996 LE1 003 DST-LXB3-A02 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173061 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4000 4X n/a 0.9423 LE1 004 ZY-LXB1-D04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173062 SLS 18.5KeV 1501 85 10X LSO:Tb17 0.65 n/a 005 BM5-B3-A05 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173063 ESRF 19.7KeV 1801 200 10X n/a 0.75 n/a 006 BM5-B3-B04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173064 ESRF 19.7KeV 1801 200 10X n/a 0.75 n/a 007 NIGPAS-LXB2-C09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173065 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 5000 4X n/a 0.8986 LE1 008 ZY-LXB1-C11 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173066 SLS 18.5KeV 1501 85 10X LSO:Tb17 0.65 n/a 009 DST-LXB2-E10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173067 SLS 20KeV 1501 235 20X GGG:Eu18 0.325 n/a 010 DST-LX-Eiii Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173068 SLS 20KeV 1501 235 20X GGG:Eu18 0.325 n/a 011 DST-LXB3-F09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173069 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 6000 4X n/a 0.8241 LE2 012 ZY-LXB1-B04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173070 SLS 20KeV 1501 140 20X LSO:Tb17 0.325 n/a 013 DST-LXB3-E10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173071 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4000 4X n/a 0.9604 LE1 014 DST-SB2-B05 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173072 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 2800 4X n/a 0.9978 LE1 015 DST-LXB3-E01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173073 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4500 4X n/a 0.9125 LE1 016 DST-LXB3-F04 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173074 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4500 4X n/a 0.9056 LE1 017 DST-LXB3-E11 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173075 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4500 4X n/a 0.9023 LE1 018 DST-SB2-C01 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173076 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 3500 4X n/a 0.9031 LE1 019 DST-SB2-A09 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173077 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4000 4X n/a 0.9036 LE1 020 DST-LXB3-B10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173078 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4500 4X n/a 0.9219 LE1 021 DST-SB2-E11 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173079 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 4000 4X n/a 0.8917 LE1 022 DST-LXB3-F10 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173080 NIGPAS 60kv/5W 3201 3200 4X n/a 0.8662 LE1 023 WA2019-B1-D06 Helicoforamina wenganica NIGP 173081 NIGPAS 50kv/4W 3201 5000 4X n/a 0.8861 LE1