The details including the methods, techniques, instruments and chemical reagents used the experiments are detailed in the article published in Chemical Science Article Title: Decoupling the impact of bulk and surface point defects on the photoelectrochemical properties of LaFeO3 thin films Authors: Xin Sun, Devendra Tiwari, Meicheng Li and David J. Fermin DOI: 11 different files are provided with this key: - 10 of them are in .CSV format and can be viewed using any text editor or any spreadsheet software (1-10). - 1 of them is in .tiff picture format and viewed using any image visualization software (11). Different data acquired from different experimental techniques are categorized under tabs names listed as follows: 1. XRD: X-ray diffraction data for LaFeO3 thin films with different La/Fe ratios. 2. XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for LaFeO3 thin films with different surface and bulk cation ratios. 3. CV_dark: current-voltage characteristics for LaFeO3 thin films with different La/Fe ratios under electrochemical contact of oxygen-saturated 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at pH 12. 4. LSV_illuminated: linear sweep voltammograms under 405 nm square wave light perturbation (photon flux of 5.42 x 10^19 m-2 s-1) for various LaFeO3 thin films at 5 mV/s under electrochemical contact of oxygen- or argon- saturated 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solutions at pH 12. 5. Optical_properties: photon energy dependence of absorption coefficient and Tauc plot of various LaFeO3 thin films. 6. Cap_poten: data consisting capacitance as a function of the potential (scaled vs. RHE) for LaFeO3 thin films with different La/Fe ratios under electrochemical contact of 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solutions at pH 12. 7. Trans_photocurrent: photocurrent transients under the illumination of 405 nm for various LaFeO3 thin films at 0.7 V vs. RHE under oxygen-saturated 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at pH 12. 8. EQE: external quantum efficiency spectra for LFO, L0.98FO, and LFO-30s thin films under electrochemical contact of oxygen-saturated 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at pH 12. 9. DOS: density of states data for LaFeO3 calculated using HSE06 hybrid density functional theory. 10. Defect_trans: various defect formation energy calculations performed using DFT+U. The charge transition levels were scaled to the band gap obtained from hybrid functional for consistency purposes. 11. SEM: Top view and cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs of various LaFeO3 thin films.